We construct a q-model structure, an h-model structure and an m-model structure on multipointed d-spaces and on flows. The two q-model structures are combinatorial and left determined and they coincide with the combinatorial model structures already known on these categories. The four other model structures (the two m-model structures and the two h-model structures) are accessible. We give an example of multipointed d-space and of flow which are not cofibrant in any of the model structures. We explain why the m-model structures, Quillen equivalent to the q-model structure of the same category, are better behaved than the q-model structures.

Dentists always prioritize the preservation of the dental pulp. Nowadays, minimally invasive endodontic techniques such as Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) are considered due to their affordability and remarkable success compared to conventional treatments such as Root Canal Treatment (RCT). VPT aims at preserving healthy portions of the exposed pulp while removing the inflamed parts with biocompatible materials to seal the pulp. The present case report aimed to describe a successful VPT of a right mandibular permanent first molar with reversible pulpitis using Calcium enriched Mixture (CEM) cement in an 18-year-old female patient. As pulp exposure happened regarding extensive caries removal, 2 mm of the inflamed pulp was removed and replaced with CEM cement. CEM was covered with Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGI) and the tooth was restored with amalgam. Regular follow-ups were performed at 3 and 6 months and 1, 2, and 4 years after treatment. Conclusion: The tooth was clinically and radiographically functional without signs and symptoms of infection or inflammation. The result of this case suggests that pinpoint pulp exposure during deep caries excavation can be successfully treated with VPT using CEM cement.

Introduction: Root mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a type of MTA that has been introduced in the Iranian market. There have been few studies on this substance. This study compared the push-out bond strength of Root MTA and CEM cement, which were both Iranian products. Materials & Methods: This in vitro study was performed on 20 extracted maxillary incisors. Samples were divided in two groups. The canals of the first group were filled with Root MTA and the second group by CEM cement. In order to investigate the push-out bond strength, the device applied a force in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample so that the desired materials would fail. Each sample was classified into one of three types of failureincluding adhesive (failure in the material and dentin interface), cohesive (failure in the material itself) or a combination of both. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean pressure on teeth for the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference between the frequencies of different types of failure between the two groups (P>0. 05). Cohesive failure in the CEM group was twice as high as in the MTA group (P>0. 05). Conclusion: There was not any significant difference between the push-out bond strength of CEM cement and Root MTA cement. These findings demonstrated that Root MTA material showed a satisfactory result in the bond strength test compared to CEM material, and could be used as an alternative to CEM cement.

Human plasma proteins are important for therapy or prophylaxis of human diseases. Due to the preparation of human plasma proteins from human plasma pools and risk of contamination with human viruses, different viral reduction treatments such as: pasteurization, solvent/detergent, dry heat treatment, steam treatment, beta-propiolactone/UV and nanofiltration have been implemented. As pasteurization can be performed for liquid protein, this method (a 10-hour heat treatment of the aqueous solutions at 60°C) was introduced into the manufacturing procedure of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin, to improve its safety further. The efficiency of this method for inactivation of viruses was evaluated by the use of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (a non-enveloped virus) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus (a lipid-enveloped virus). Pasteurization inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by 7 log10 and for IBR Virus by 5log10. These findings show a significant added measure of virus safety associated with pasteurization of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparation.

We consider a category C enriched over the segment [0; 1] whose hom-objects are real numbers from [0; 1]. For a suitably defined function ^v assigning to each formula ' some object of C, the hom-object C(^v('); ^v( )) represents the degree of derivability ofψ from φ. We reformulate completeness result for intuitionistic propositional logic, as well as H ajek's completeness results concerning the product, G odel and Lukasiewicz fuzzy logic in the context of enriched category theory.

Introduction: Recently, there has been growing demand for the fabrication of edible antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds for the monitoring of foodborne bacterial diseases, which are mainly responsible for the contamination of raw foodstuffs. The present study aimed to use polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) enriched with garlic extract to control Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in fresh sheep meat at over-chilled temperature for one week. Methods: The obtained minced meat were divided into 100-gram portions, inoculated with SA and LM (7 log CFU/g), aseptically packed in designated PVP containing garlic extract (0%, 0. 25%, and 0. 5%), and transferred to a sterile polyethylene bag. All the samples were stored at refrigerated temperature for one week. Results: PVP enriched with garlic extract at the concentrations of 0. 25% and 0. 5% could decrease the LM and SA counts to 2. 30-2. 82 and 2. 51-1. 36 log CFU/g, respectively (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, PVP containing garlic extract at the concentrations of 0. 25% and 0. 5% exerted inhibitory effects against LM and SA in raw sheep meat.

The method of plant tissue culture in photoautotrophic conditions has several advantages. Increasing survival rate of transferring in vitro plants to soil and decreasing of probability of fungal and bacterial contaminations are examples. However, steady injection of CO2 to the system is a major limitation, the use of containers surrounding by accumulated CO2 in growth chamber instead of CO2 enrichment removes the limitation. Actively growing shoot tips of micro propagated River Red Gum (Eucalyptus cammaldulensis) were used as explants, and sugar-and hormone - free MS medium at three levels (quarter, half and full) and Enshi medium, were used as media treatments in this study. Four types of supporting material were used: 2.0 gl-1 Gelrite, Foam material, 8.Og Vermiculite per culture vessel and 2.0 gl-1 Gelrite plus 6.0 9 vermiculite. All cultures were maintained for 26 days in the two growth chambers, using indirect CO2-enriched (3000±100ppm) (photoautotrophic) and CO2-nonenriched (semi photoautotrophic). The comparison between two conditions showed that, photoautotrophic condition was significantly superior in fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and left area. Stem length was significantly superior in semi photoautotrophic condition when using appropriate supporting materials. The result showed that CO2 –enriched system was a key factor in increasing quality and quantity of in vitro plantlet production. As an alternative accumulated CO2 in surrounding of containers in growth chamber could be used and the way for improvement of conventional micro propagation, when providing gaseous exchange system is not available.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the radiopacity of calcium enriched material cement and mineral trioxide aggregated fillapex with 3 types of sealers: Endoseal, and AH26 at different focal distances of 15 cm and 30 cm. Methods: The research method was an experimental and lab trial. In this research, 3 endodontic sealers: Pulpdent, Endoseal, and AH26 and two root filling material: mineral trioxide aggregated fillapex and calcium enriched material cement were studied. From each material 6 samples were prepared. The samples were prepared on a glass slab by stirring with the help of a spatula and placed in molds with dimensions of 1 x 5 x 5 mm. Radiographs were prepared with the PSP Fire CR digital sensor system at a distance of 15 and 30 cm from the samples. Radio opacity information obtained was interpreted by Quantor Dent for Windows software. The obtained results were analyzed by SPSS version 16 statistical software and Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: The results showed that AH26 had the highest optical density value and calcium enriched material cement had the lower radiopacity. There was a significant difference between the radiopacity value of the 5 studied materials (P<0. 05). Conclusion: All the studied materials had the minimal standard of radiopacity.